The National Research and Development Center on Literacy and Deafness (CLAD) focuses on deaf children. The Center involves a collaboration among researchers at Georgia State University, the University of Arizona, the University of Colorado at Boulder, the Rochester Institute of Technology, and Arizona State University. This project aims to identify child and instructional factors that affect reading growth in this population and to develop individualized interventions specifically designed for deaf or hard of hearing (DHH) struggling readers in grades K-2.